Example for Configuring NQA for IPv4 Static Routes
Overview of NQA for IPv4 Static Routes
The network quality analysis (NQA) technology measures network performance and collects statistics on the delay, jitter, and packet loss ratio. NQA can measure real-time network QoS, and perform effective network fault diagnosis and location.
On a simple network or on a network where the route to the destination cannot be established using dynamic routing protocols, static routes can be configured. Unlike dynamic routing protocols, static routes do not have a dedicated detection mechanism. If a fault occurs, static routes cannot detect the fault, and the network administrator must delete the corresponding static route. This delays the link switchover and may cause lengthy service interruptions.
BFD for IPv4 static routes is adaptable to link changes but both ends of the link must support BFD. If either end of a link does not support BFD, NQA for IPv4 static routes can be configured. When an NQA test instance detects a link fault, it instructs the routing management module to delete the associated static route from the IP routing table. Then service traffic switches to a route without any link fault to prevent lengthy service interruptions.
Networking Requirements
As shown in Figure 1, SwitchA on a company network is connected to two egress routers (RouterA and RouterB) through two default static routes to implement load balancing. The company wants to deploy a link failure detection mechanism for the default static routes, so that traffic can be switched from a faulty link to the other functioning link promptly to prevent services from being interrupted.
In this scenario, ensure that all connected interfaces have STP disabled. If STP is enabled and VLANIF interfaces of switches are used to construct a Layer 3 ring network, an interface on the network will be blocked. As a result, Layer 3 services on the network cannot run normally.
Configuration Roadmap
- Create VLANs, add interfaces to the VLANs, and configure IP addresses for VLANIF interfaces, so that neighboring devices can communicate with each other.
Create ICMP NQA test instances to monitor the status of links.
ICMP NQA test instances need to be created on the NQA client SwitchA to detect the status of links between SwitchA and RouterA and between SwitchA and RouterB.
Configure default static routes and bind them to the NQA test instances.
Default static routes destined for RouterA and RouterB need to be configured on SwitchA and bound to NQA test instances. In this way, if an NQA test instance detects a link failure, traffic is switched to the other link.
Procedure
- On SwitchA, create VLANs and add interfaces to them.
<HUAWEI> system-view [HUAWEI] sysname SwitchA [SwitchA] vlan batch 100 200 300 [SwitchA] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/1 [SwitchA-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] port link-type trunk [SwitchA-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] port trunk allow-pass vlan 100 [SwitchA-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] quit [SwitchA] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/2 [SwitchA-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] port link-type trunk [SwitchA-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] port trunk allow-pass vlan 200 [SwitchA-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] quit [SwitchA] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/3 [SwitchA-GigabitEthernet0/0/3] port link-type trunk [SwitchA-GigabitEthernet0/0/3] port trunk allow-pass vlan 300 [SwitchA-GigabitEthernet0/0/3] quit
- On SwitchA, configure an IP address for each VLANIF interface.
[SwitchA] interface vlanif 100 [SwitchA-Vlanif100] ip address 10.1.10.2 24 [SwitchA-Vlanif100] quit [SwitchA] interface vlanif 200 [SwitchA-Vlanif200] ip address 10.1.20.2 24 [SwitchA-Vlanif200] quit [SwitchA] interface vlanif 300 [SwitchA-Vlanif300] ip address 10.1.30.2 24 [SwitchA-Vlanif300] quit
- On SwitchA, configure NQA test instances.
[SwitchA] nqa test-instance user test1 [SwitchA-nqa-user-test1] test-type icmp [SwitchA-nqa-user-test1] destination-address ipv4 10.1.10.1 [SwitchA-nqa-user-test1] frequency 11 [SwitchA-nqa-user-test1] probe-count 2 [SwitchA-nqa-user-test1] interval seconds 5 [SwitchA-nqa-user-test1] timeout 4 [SwitchA-nqa-user-test1] start now [SwitchA-nqa-user-test1] quit [SwitchA] nqa test-instance user test2 [SwitchA-nqa-user-test2] test-type icmp [SwitchA-nqa-user-test2] destination-address ipv4 10.1.20.1 [SwitchA-nqa-user-test2] frequency 11 [SwitchA-nqa-user-test2] probe-count 2 [SwitchA-nqa-user-test2] interval seconds 5 [SwitchA-nqa-user-test2] timeout 4 [SwitchA-nqa-user-test2] start now [SwitchA-nqa-user-test2] quit
- Configure default static routes and bind them to the NQA test instances.
[SwitchA] ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.10.1 track nqa user test1 [SwitchA] ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.20.1 track nqa user test2
- Verify the configuration.
# Check the configuration of NQA for default static routes. The command output shows that the default static routes have been bound to NQA test instances.
[SwitchA] display current-configuration | include nqa ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.10.1 track nqa user test1 ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.20.1 track nqa user test2 nqa test-instance user test1 nqa test-instance user test2# Check NQA test results.
[SwitchA] display nqa results test-instance user test1 NQA entry(user, test1) :testflag is active ,testtype is icmp 1 . Test 10 result The test is finished Send operation times: 2 Receive response times: 2 Completion:success RTD OverThresholds number: 0 Attempts number:1 Drop operation number:0 Disconnect operation number:0 Operation timeout number:0 System busy operation number:0 Connection fail number:0 Operation sequence errors number:0 RTT Status errors number:0 Destination ip address:10.1.10.1 Min/Max/Average Completion Time: 30/30/30 Sum/Square-Sum Completion Time: 7/25 Last Good Probe Time: 2014-09-09 09:55:38.2 Lost packet ratio: 0 %[SwitchA] display nqa results test-instance user test2 NQA entry(user, test2) :testflag is active ,testtype is icmp 1 . Test 11 result The test is finished Send operation times: 2 Receive response times: 2 Completion:success RTD OverThresholds number: 0 Attempts number:1 Drop operation number:0 Disconnect operation number:0 Operation timeout number:0 System busy operation number:0 Connection fail number:0 Operation sequence errors number:0 RTT Status errors number:0 Destination ip address:10.1.20.1 Min/Max/Average Completion Time: 30/30/30 Sum/Square-Sum Completion Time: 7/25 Last Good Probe Time: 2014-09-09 09:56:38.2 Lost packet ratio: 0 %Completion:success and Lost packet ratio: 0 % in the command output show that the links between SwitchA and RouterA and between SwitchA and RouterB are normal.
# Check the routing table. The command output shows that there are two default static routes destined for RouterA and RouterB, respectively.
[SwitchA] display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib, T - to vpn-instance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 9 Routes : 10 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface 0.0.0.0/0 Static 60 0 RD 10.1.10.1 Vlanif100 Static 60 0 RD 10.1.20.1 Vlanif200 10.1.10.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.10.2 Vlanif100 10.1.10.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Vlanif100 10.1.20.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.20.2 Vlanif200 10.1.20.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Vlanif200 10.1.30.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.30.2 Vlanif300 10.1.30.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Vlanif300 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
# Shut down GigabitEthernet0/0/2 on SwitchA to simulate a link fault.
[SwitchA] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/2 [SwitchA-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] shutdown [SwitchA-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] quit
# Check NQA test results.
[SwitchA] display nqa results test-instance user test1 NQA entry(user, test1) :testflag is active ,testtype is icmp 1 . Test 12 result The test is finished Send operation times: 2 Receive response times: 2 Completion:success RTD OverThresholds number: 0 Attempts number:1 Drop operation number:0 Disconnect operation number:0 Operation timeout number:0 System busy operation number:0 Connection fail number:0 Operation sequence errors number:0 RTT Status errors number:0 Destination ip address:10.1.10.1 Min/Max/Average Completion Time: 30/30/30 Sum/Square-Sum Completion Time: 7/25 Last Good Probe Time: 2014-09-09 09:57:38.2 Lost packet ratio: 0 %[SwitchA] display nqa results test-instance user test2 NQA entry(user, test2) :testflag is active ,testtype is icmp 1 . Test 13 result The test is finished Send operation times: 2 Receive response times: 0 Completion:failed RTD OverThresholds number: 0 Attempts number:1 Drop operation number:0 Disconnect operation number:0 Operation timeout number:2 System busy operation number:0 Connection fail number:0 Operation sequence errors number:0 RTT Status errors number:0 Destination ip address:10.1.20.1 Min/Max/Average Completion Time: 0/0/0 Sum/Square-Sum Completion Time: 0/0 Last Good Probe Time: 2014-09-09 09:58:38.2 Lost packet ratio: 100 %Completion:failed and Lost packet ratio: 100 % in the command output show that the link between SwitchA and RouterB is faulty.
# Check the routing table. Only the default static route to RouterA is available.
[SwitchA] display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib, T - to vpn-instance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 7 Routes : 7 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface 0.0.0.0/0 Static 60 0 RD 10.1.10.1 Vlanif100 10.1.10.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.10.2 Vlanif100 10.1.10.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Vlanif100 10.1.30.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.30.2 Vlanif300 10.1.30.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Vlanif300 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
Configuration Files
# sysname SwitchA # vlan batch 100 200 300 # interface Vlanif100 ip address 10.1.10.2 255.255.255.0 # interface Vlanif200 ip address 10.1.20.2 255.255.255.0 # interface Vlanif300 ip address 10.1.30.2 255.255.255.0 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 100 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 200 # interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3 port link-type trunk port trunk allow-pass vlan 300 # ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.10.1 track nqa user test1 ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.20.1 track nqa user test2 # nqa test-instance user test1 test-type icmp destination-address ipv4 10.1.10.1 frequency 11 interval seconds 5 timeout 4 probe-count 2 start now # nqa test-instance user test2 test-type icmp destination-address ipv4 10.1.20.1 frequency 11 interval seconds 5 timeout 4 probe-count 2 start no # return